回捕牙鲆生长和摄食状况调查研究

材料，应用分子标记将其分成放流和非放流2组，采用形态学测量、鉴定方法并结合DNA条形码技术对比分析了2组牙鲆的生长和摄食状况。结果显示：（1）放流牙鲆的体长和体质量略大于非放流牙鲆，肥满度、脂肪含量和肠体比值略小，经过独立样本T检验，各参数值的差异并不显著（P>0.05）;（2） 2组牙鲆的空胃率较高，摄食强度差异不显著（P>0.05）;（3）胃含物组成和种类基本一致，包括鱼类、软体动物、多毛类和虾类;（4）针对4种不可辨认的胃含物提取组织DNA，选用线粒体DNA COI基因片段作为分子标记，在Gen Bank中进行比对分析，并利用MEGA 4.0构建NJ系统进化树，结果鉴定出一种鰕虎鱼（Gobiidae sp.）、一种石首鱼（Sciaenidae sp.）、赤鼻绫鯷（Thryssa kammalensis）和火枪乌贼（Loliolus beka）。进而说明放流牙鲆经过禁渔期的适应，已经恢复了在增殖海域生存的能力。

关键词：牙鲆;增殖放流;生长指标;胃含物;DNA条形码

中图分类号： S932.4         文献标识码： A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.05.008

Growth and Feeding Status of the Captured Population of Paralichthys olivaceus

SONG Limin1，2， YU Qinghai2， YUAN Lilai3， SI Fei2， REN Yuqin2， REN Jiangong2， ZHANG Hongtao2， LI Nan1

（1.Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute， Tianjin 300221， China;2.Beidaihe Central Experiment Station， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Qinhuangdao， Hebei 066100， China;3.Fisheries Resource and Environment Research Center， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Beijing 100141， China）

Abstract： The captured population of Japanese flounder in the Qinhuangdao coastal releasing area were divided into two groups by molecular markers， which were the released group and non-released group. Differences of growth indexes and dietary composition between the two groups were compared and analyzed by morphological method and molecular technology. The results showed that： （1） the values of body length and weight in the released group were higher than the non-released group， while the values of condition factor and whole body crude lipid content and viserosomatic index were lower， and all of those did  not  show  any  significant  differences  between the released P. olivaceus and non-released P. olivaceus （P>0.05）; （2） high gastric vacuous rate were showed in released and non-released groups， while values of feeding intensity were not significantly different from each other; （3） stomach contents of the released P. olivaceus and non-released P. olivaceus had little differences， including pisces， mollusk， polychaeta and decapoda; （4） DNA were extracted from 4 sampled fish stomach contents which could not be identified by morphological observation， Mitochondrial DNA COI was amplified as molecular marker， comparative analysis were conducted in Gen Bank， and NJ phylogenetic trees were established by MEGA 4.0， results of a Gobiidae sp.， a Sciaenidae sp.， Thryssa kammalensis and Loliolus beka were identified. Furthermore the released P. olivaceus had pretty much adapted to the wild after the closed season.

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